Ultrasound-assisted extraction of peanut shell by-product: chemical properties, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS240704025K

Keywords:

peanut shell, ultrasound-assisted extraction, luteolin, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

Abstract

Paper description:

  • Peanut shell extracts have been investigated for their potential bioactive compounds, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • This study utilized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract these compounds from peanut shells and to evaluate their effects on RAW 264.7 cells. Increased bioactivation and luteolin content via HPLC analysis was confirmed.
  • Ultrasound-assisted peanut shell extract demonstrated enhanced bioactivation, resulting in elevated luteolin levels. The extract exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by increased radical scavenging activities and suppression of NO, PGE2, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 expression.
  • Peanut shell extract, obtained through UAE, showed increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Abstract:  Peanut shell by-products have been explored for their pharmacological potential, particularly through applications developed from their utilization. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peanut shell extract (UPE) obtained via ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed elevated levels of luteolin in the ultrasound-extracted peanut shell extract (UPE). UPE demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. The anti-inflammatory effects of UPE were assessed using the nitric oxide (NO) Griess assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). UPE significantly reduced NO, PGE2, and IL-6 levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting potent anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, UPE downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2, thereby suppressing NO and PGE2 production. These findings indicate that peanut shell extracts obtained through UAE have therapeutic potential due to their enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, likely attributed to increased levels of luteolin.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Jung Wook Kang, College of Fusion and Convergence, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28674, Republic of Korea

 

     

In Chul Lee, Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28674, Republic of Korea

 

 

References

Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, Gilroy DW. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2(10):78795. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri915

Ghasemian M, Owlia S, Owlia MB. Review of Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Medicines. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2016;2016:9130979. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9130979

Huang H, Tang S, Zhou Y, Cai Y. Tectorigenin inhibits inflammatory responses in murine inflammatory bowel disease and LPS-stimulated macrophages via inactivating MAPK signaling pathway. Immunity Inflamm Dis. 2024;12(5):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.1077

Park JH, Kim JH, Shin JY, Kang ES, Cho BO. Anti-inflammatory effects of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg leaves extract in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023;309:116362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116362

Kim JB, Han AR, Park EY, Kim JY, Cho W, Lee J, Seo EK, Lee KT. Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines expression by poncirin through the NF-κB inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(12):2345-51. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.2345

Cho SH, Jeong H, Park SJ, Shin HT, Lee HM, Kim KN. Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinosophora koreensis nakai root extract in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023;302:115940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115940

Cui S, McClements DJ, Xu X, Jiao B, Zhou L, Zhou H, Xiong L, Wang Q, Sun Q, Dai L. Peanut proteins: Extraction, modifications, and applications: A comprehensive review. Grain Oil Sci Technol. 2023;6(3):135-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaost.2023.07.001

Cheng JH, Jin H, Xu Z, Zheng F. NIR. NIR hyperspectral imaging with multivariate analysis for measurement of oil and protein contents in peanut varieties. Anal Methods. 2017;9:6148-54. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7AY02115A

1Ye J, Hua X, Zhao Q, Dong Z, Li Z, Zhang W, Yang R. Characteristics of alkali-extracted peanut polysaccharide-protein complexes and their ability as Pickering emulsifiers. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;162:1178-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.245

Gam DH, Hong JW, Kim JH, Kim JW. Skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of bioactive compounds isolated from peanut shell using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Molecules. 2021;26(5):1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051231

Kim HJ, Kim MY, Lee BW, Kim M, Lee YY, Lee JY, Kang MS. Comparison of functional components and physiological activities in peanut hull extracts by cultivars and extraction solvent. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2021;50(9):936-42. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.9.936

Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants. 2017;6(4):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6040042

Bangar SP, Kajla P, Chaudhary V, Sharma N, Ozogul. Lutolin: a flovone with myriads of bioactivities and food applications. Food Biosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102366

Kim S, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SK, Chun Y, Lee JH, Yoo HY. Efficient recovery strategy of luteolin from agricultural waste peanut shells and activity evaluation of its functional biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:12366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512366.

Ahmadi SM, Farhoosh R, Sharif A, Rezaie M. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of luteolin and catechin. J Food Sci. 2020;85(2):298-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14994

Caporali S, Stefano AD, Calabrese C, Giovannelli A, Pieri M, Savini I, Tesauro M, Bernardini S, Minieri M, Terrinoni A. Anti-inflammatory and active biological properties of the plant-derived bioactive compounds luteolin and luteolin 7-glucoside. Nutrients. 2022;14:1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061155

Williams OJ, Raghavan V, Orsat V, Dai J. Microwave-assisted extraction of capsainoids from capsicum fruit. J Food Biochem. 2004;28:113-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2004.tb00059.x

Yusoff IM, Mat Taher Z, Rahmat Z, Chua LS. A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111268

Albu S, Joyce E, Paniwnyk L, Lorimer JP, Mason TJ. Potential for the use of ultrasound in the extraction of antioxidants from Rosmarinus officinalis for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Ultrason Sonochem. 2004;11(3-4):261-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.01.015

Wang Y, Li R, Jiang ZT, Tan J, Tang SH, Li TT, Liang LL, He HJ, Liu YM, Li JT, Zhang XC. Green and solvent-free simultaneous ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction of essential oil from white and black peppers. Ind Crops Prod. 2018;114:164-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.002

Vinatoru M, Mason TJ, Calinescu I. Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of functional compounds from plant materials. Trends Anal Chem. 2017;97:159-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.002

Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use or a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181:1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0

Re R, Nicoletta P, Anna P, Ananth P, Min Y, Catherine R-E. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26((9-10)):1231-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00315-3

Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 1982;126:131-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X

Anaya-Esparza LM, Aurora-Vigo EF, Villagrán Z, Rodríguez-Lafitte E, Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, Solano-Cornejo MÁ, Zamora-Gasga VM, Montalvo-González E, Gómez-Rodríguez H, Aceves-Aldrete CE, González-Silva N. Design of Experiments for Optimizing Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Sources. Molecules. 2023;28(23):7752. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237752

Peixoto CM, Dias MI, Alves MJ, Calhelha RC, Barros L, Pinho SP, Ferreira ICFR. Grape pomace as a source of phenolic compounds and diverse bioactive properties. Food Chem. 2018;253:132-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.163

Barros L, Pereira E, Calhelha RC, Dueñas M, Carvalho AM, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactivity and chemical characterization in hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. J Funct Foods. 2013;5(4):1732-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.019

Machado-Carvalho L, Martins T, Aires A, Marques G. Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Activity from Inonotus hispidus Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technology. Metabolites. 2023;13(4):524. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040524

Lewis WE, Harris GK, Sanders TH, White BL, Dean LL. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of peanut skin extracts. Food Nutr Sci. 2013;4(8A):22-32. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.48A003

Hammad KSM, El-roby AM, Galal SM. Antioxidant and anticancer activites of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) skin ultrasound extract. Grasas Aceites. 2023;74(3):e517. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0990221

Imran A, Humiyion M, Arshad MU, Saeed F, Arshad MS, Afzaal M, Imran M, Usman I, Ikram A, Naeem U, Hussain M, Jbawi EA. Extraction, amino acid estimation, and characterization of bioactive constituents from peanut shell through eco-innovative techniques for food application. Int J Food Prop. 2022;25(1):2055-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2022.2119999

Siziya IN, Seo DH, Oh H, Kang HJ, Kim YS. Extraction optimization of luteolin, antioxidant compound, from Arachis hypogaea L. Hull using response surface methodology. Korean J Food Preserv. 2021;28(4):522-31. https://doi.org/10.11002/KJFP.2021.28.4.522

Zahari NAAR, Chong GH, Abdullah LC, Chua BL. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process on thymol concentration from Plectranthus amboinicus leaves: Kinetic modeling and optimization. Processes. 2020;8(3):322 https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030322

Zhu X, Zhang Z, Hinds LM, Sun DW, Tiwari BK. Applications of ultrasound to enhance fluidized bed drying of Ascophyllum Nodosum: Drying kinetics and product quality assessment. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021;70:105298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105298

Chemat F, Rombaut N, Sicaire AG, Meullemiestre A, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Abert-Vian M. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrason Sonochem. 2017;34:540-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035

Liao J, Guo Z, Yu G. Process intensification and kinetic studies of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut shells. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021;76:105661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105661

Koleckar V, Kubikova K, Rehakova Z, Kuca K, Jun D, Jahodar L, Opletal L. Condensed and hydrolysable tannins as antioxidants influencing the health. Mini-Rev. Med Chem. 2008;8:436-47. https://doi.org/10.2174/138955708784223486

Gam DH, Hong JW, Yeom SH, Kim JW. Polyphenols in peanut shells and their antioxidant activity: Optimal extraction conditions and the evaluation of anti-obesity effects. J Nutr Heal. 2021;54(1):116–28. https://doi.org/10.4163/JNH.2021.54.1.116

Hsouna A Ben, Dhibi S, Dhifi W, Saad R Ben, Brini F, Hfaidh N, Mnif W. Essential oil from halophyte: Lobularia maritima: Protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative damage in rats and inhibition of the production of proinflammatory gene expression by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RSC Adv. 2019;9(63):36758-70. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05885k

Hämäläinen M, Lilja R, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Inhibition of iNOS expression and NO production by anti-inflammatory steroids. Reversal by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008;21(2):331-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2007.08.003

Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: Chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:2357-2363. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23161

Fernando MR, Reyes JL, Iannuzzi J, Leung G, McKay DM. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, enhances the polarization of alternatively activated macrophages. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e94188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094188

Downloads

Published

2024-10-25

How to Cite

1.
Kang JW, Lee IC. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of peanut shell by-product: chemical properties, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Arch Biol Sci [Internet]. 2024Oct.25 [cited 2024Nov.21];76(3):335-43. Available from: https://serbiosoc.org.rs/arch/index.php/abs/article/view/10023

Issue

Vol. 76 No. 3 (2024)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 In-chul Lee

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.