PATCH-CLAMP RECORDINGS OF THERMAL EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC STIMULATION ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF RAT HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has proven to be an invaluable tool both in clinical practice and basic brain research. However, many concomitant effects of TMS are still incompletely understood, including thermal effects induced by TMS. The present study investigated how thermal effects induced by magnetic stimulation influence the properties of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We have demonstrated that a 50-Hz low-frequency electromagnetic field with intensities of 7, 14, and 23 mT can induce thermal heating in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) from 25 to 40°C over a period of 15 min. We also report that the thermal effects induced by TMS directly influence the properties of sEPSC in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Double measures were taken to control the temperature across experiments in order to ensure the accuracy of the temperature measurement of the aCSF. These novel findings provide important insight into the thermal effects induced by TMS as well as their consequences.
Key words: thermal effects; TMS; spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC); hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; patch-clamp
Received: August 28, 2015; Revised: October 14, 2015; Accepted: October 20, 2015; Published online: April 27, 2016
Downloads
References
Thompson SP. A physiological effect of an alternating magnetic field. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1910;82(557):396-8.
Wassermann EM, Zimmermann T. Transcranial magnetic brain stimulation: therapeutic promises and scientific gaps. Pharmacol Ther. 2012;133(1):98-107.
Mottaghy FM, Keller CE, Gangitano M, Ly J, Thall M, Parker JA, Pascual-Leone A. Correlation of cerebral blood flow and treatment effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients. Psychiatry Res. 2002;115(1-2):1-14.
Gross M, Nakamura L, Pascual-Leone A, Frengi F. Has repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression improved? A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the recent vs. the earlier rTMS studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007;116(3):165-73.
Nardone R, Tezzon F, Höeller Y, Golaszewski S, Trinka E, Brigo F. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)/ repetitive TMS in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2014;129(6):351-66.
Wu AD, Fregni F, Simon DK, Deblieck C, Pascual-Leone A. Noninvasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(2):345-61.
Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A. Technology insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology-perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rTMS and tDCS. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(7):383-93.
Sandrini M, Umiltà C, Rusconi E. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: a new synthesis of methodological issues. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35(3):516-36.
Cotelli M, Manenti R, Cappa SF, Zanetti O, Miniussi C. Transcranial magnetic stimulation improves naming in Alzheimer disease patients at different stages of cognitive decline. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(12):1286-92.
Julkunen P, Jauhiainen AM, Westeren-Punnonen S, Pirinen E, Soininen H, Könönen M, Pääkkönen A, Määttä S, Karhu J. Navigated TMS combined with EEG in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Methods. 2008;172(2):270-6.
Banta Lavenex P, Lavenex P. Spatial memory and the monkey hippocampus: not all space is created equal. Hippocampus. 2009;19(1):8-19.
Kumaran D. Short-term memory and the human hippocampus. J Neurosci. 2008;28(15):3837-38.
Schulz K, Korz V. Emotional and cognitive information processing: relations to behavioral performance and hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo during a spatial water maze training in rats. Learn Mem. 2010;17(11):552-60.
Katsuki S, Mitsutake K, Yano M, Akiyama H, Kai H, Shuto T. Non-thermal and transient thermal effects of burst 100 MHz sinusoidal electric fields on apoptotic activity in HeLa cells. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2010;17(3):678-84.
Paul A, Narasimhan A, Kahlen FJ, Das SK. Temperature evolution in tissues embedded with large blood vessels during photo-thermal heating. J Therm Biol. 2014;41:77-87.
Hyun NG, Hyun KH, Hyun KB, Han JH, Lee K, Kaang BK. A computational model of the temperature-dependent changes in firing patterns in Aplysia neurons. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;15(6):371-82.
Pappas TC, Motamedi M, Christensen BN. Unique temperature-activated neurons from pit viper thermosensors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287(5):C1219-28.
Duan B, Xu TL. Transient receptor potential channels and signal transduction. Acta Biophysica Sinica. 2005;21(4):245-60.
Hestrin S, Sah P, Nicoll RA. Mechanisms generating the time course of dual component excitatory synaptic current recorded in hippocampal slices. Neuron. 1990;5(3):247-53.
Schuderer J, Oesch W, Felber N, Spät D, Kuster N. In vitro exposure apparatus for ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2004;25(8):582-91.
Hou JF, Yu LC. Blockade effects of BIBN4096BS on CGRP-induced inhibition on whole-cell K+currents in spinal dorsal horn neuron of rats. Neurosci Lett. 2010;469(1):15-8.
Makkar SR, Zhang SQ, Cranney J. Behavioral and neural analysis of GABA in the acquisition, consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction of fear memory. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(8):1625-52.
Griffin JD. Central thermosensitivity and the integrative response of hypothalamic neurons. J Therm Biol. 2004;29(7):327-31.
Bliss TV, Collingridge GL. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature. 1993;361(6407):31-9.
Zhang L, Warren RA. Muscarinic and nicotinic presynaptic modulation of EPSCs in the nucleus accumbens during postnatal development. J Neurophysiol. 2002;88(6):3315-30.
Luo QT, Fujita T, Jiang CY, Kumamoto E. Carvacrol presynaptically enhances spontaneous excitatory transmission and produces outward current in adult rat spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons. Brain Research. 2014;1592:44-54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.